Omega-3s for Dogs
Omega-3 fatty acids are essential for your dog’s health, but their body can’t make them on its own. These healthy fats support skin, joints, brain, eyes, heart, and immune system, yet most commercial diets don’t provide enough. Adding omega-3s through food or supplements can make a big difference in your dog’s well-being.
What are Omega-3s?
Omega-3s are a type of essential fatty acid that are required for many processes in your dog’s body. The main types include:
EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) - Found in marine oils. EPA plays a powerful role in reducing inflammation, which makes it especially valuable for dogs with allergies, arthritis, or autoimmune issues.
DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) - Also found in marine oils. DHA supports brain and eye development in puppies, and in adult dogs it helps maintain cognitive function and a healthy nervous system.
ALA (alpha-linolenic acid) - Found in flaxseed oil. Dogs can convert ALA into EPA and DHA, but the process is very inefficient. This means plant-based sources usually aren’t enough to meet their needs.
Omega-3s vs. Omega-6s
Both omega-3s and omega-6s are essential fatty acids, meaning dogs require both to thrive. The difference is in their effects.
Omega-3s (anti-inflammatory) - Found in marine oils. Omega-3s help balance the inflammatory effects of omega-6s by reducing inflammation. This makes them vital for dogs with allergies, arthritis, or autoimmune issues. Omega-3s also improve skin barrier integrity, support healthy brain and eye function, and play a role in protecting against chronic disease by lowering oxidative stress.
Omega-6s (pro-inflammatory) - Found in vegetable oils, grains, and poultry fat. Omega-6s promote inflammation, which is a normal and necessary part of the immune response. However, modern diets are often overloaded with omega-6s. Too much can trigger chronic inflammation, which has been linked to itchy skin, arthritis, and even some cancers.
The ideal omega-6 to omega-3 ratio for dogs is thought to be around 5:1 or lower. Unfortunately, many commercial diets are closer to 15:1 or even 20:1, making supplementation with omega-3s especially important.
Benefits of Omega-3s
Adding omega-3s to your dog’s diet can have wide-ranging benefits, including:
Healthy skin and coat - Omega-3s nourish skin cells, reducing dryness, flakiness, and itchiness. They can also decrease shedding and make the coat shinier and softer. Dogs with allergies often see big improvements in their skin when omega-3s are added.
Joint support - EPA reduces joint inflammation, helping dogs with arthritis or hip dysplasia move more comfortably. Studies show omega-3s can decrease stiffness and improve mobility, allowing older dogs to stay active.
Brain and eye development - DHA is especially critical for puppies, as it supports brain growth, learning ability, and vision development. In senior dogs, it may support memory and slow cognitive decline.
Heart health - Omega-3s can help regulate heart rhythm, reduce blood clot risk, and support healthy circulation. They may also help reduce blood pressure in dogs with cardiovascular issues.
Immune system support - By balancing inflammation, omega-3s help the immune system function more effectively. This means better resistance to illness and fewer flare-ups of autoimmune conditions.
Omega-3 Supplements
Your dog's body can't produce omega-3s on its own, the only way to meet their needs is through diet or supplementation. Omega-3 supplements include:
Fish oil - A concentrated source of EPA and DHA, often recommended for dogs with skin issues, arthritis, or inflammation. Common sources include salmon, sardine, anchovies, and mackerel. Choose a high-quality oil purified to remove heavy metals.
Green-lipped mussel oil - Provides EPA, DHA, and ETA (a unique anti-inflammatory omega-3) along with natural antioxidants and minerals that support joint health and mobility.
Krill oil - Highly absorbable and naturally rich in antioxidants like astaxanthin, which help protect cells from damage. It can be more stable and less prone to oxidation than fish oil.
Algal oil - A plant-based source of DHA, making it an excellent option for dogs with fish allergies or for owners looking for a sustainable alternative.
Flaxseed oil - Provide ALA, which dogs don’t convert well, but they can still support skin and coat health. Best used as a supplement alongside marine sources of EPA and DHA.
Storing Omega-3s
Omega-3 oils are delicate and can spoil quickly if not handled correctly. When these oils go rancid, they not only lose their health benefits but may also produce harmful compounds that can negatively affect your dog’s health. Proper storage is essential to keep them fresh and effective.
Choose dark glass bottles - Oils are sensitive to light, which can break down fatty acids. Look for supplements packaged in dark amber or cobalt glass bottles rather than clear plastic.
Seal tightly - Exposure to oxygen also causes rancidity. Always close the lid or cap tightly after each use to limit air exposure.
Keep them cool - Most omega-3 oils, especially fish oil, should be stored in the fridge once opened. Heat speeds up oxidation, avoid leaving bottles on the counter.
Check shelf life - Once opened, liquid oils should usually be used within 30 to 90 days, depending on the type. Softgel capsules may last longer but should still be stored in a cool, dark place.
Know the signs of rancidity - A strong fishy odor, sour smell, or bitter taste may indicate the oil has oxidized. If in doubt, it’s better to discard it than risk giving your dog spoiled oil.
Conclusion
Omega-3s are one of the simplest yet most powerful ways to improve your dog's overall well-being. From soothing itchy skin and promoting joint mobility to protecting the brain, eyes, and heart, these essential fatty acids support nearly every system in the body. A daily dose of omega-3s can go a long way toward keeping your dog active, healthy, and thriving.